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Alabama Demographic-Economic Characteristics and Patterns
This section provides an update on Census 2010 demographics and a richer set of demographic-economic measures for 2012 and 2014
for the state of Alabama.
The table presented below shows demographic-economic characteristics for the state based on the American Community Survey (ACS).
ACS provides post-Census 2010 annual updates for a wide array of demographic-economic data not available from Census 2010.
ACS estimates are available for all geographies (U.S. wall-to-wall) using the 5-year estimates. For areas of 65,000 population or more, 1-year estimates are available.
See more about ACS. Estimates shown in this profile are based on ACS 1-year estimates. See more about comparing these data over time.
Alabama Demographic-Economic Characteristics
| | -- ACS 2012 1 year -- | -- ACS 2014 1 year -- | -- Change 2012-14 --
| | | Value | Percent | Value | Percent | Value | Percent |
| Total Population | 4,822,023 | 100.00 | 4,849,377 | 100.00 | 27,354 | 0.57 |
| Male | 2,336,291 | 48.45 | 2,347,969 | 48.42 | 11,678 | 0.50 |
| Female | 2,485,732 | 51.55 | 2,501,408 | 51.58 | 15,676 | 0.63 |
| Age | | | | | | |
| Under 5 years | 301,808 | 6.26 | 291,160 | 6.00 | -10,648 | -3.53 |
| 5-9 years | 312,832 | 6.49 | 304,454 | 6.28 | -8,378 | -2.68 |
| 10-14 years | 321,323 | 6.66 | 321,797 | 6.64 | 474 | 0.15 |
| 15-19 years | 331,780 | 6.88 | 329,625 | 6.80 | -2,155 | -0.65 |
| 20-24 years | 344,634 | 7.15 | 345,575 | 7.13 | 941 | 0.27 |
| 25-34 years | 608,843 | 12.63 | 615,948 | 12.70 | 7,105 | 1.17 |
| 35-44 years | 616,420 | 12.78 | 613,234 | 12.65 | -3,186 | -0.52 |
| 45-54 years | 670,218 | 13.90 | 651,204 | 13.43 | -19,014 | -2.84 |
| 55-59 years | 324,646 | 6.73 | 332,246 | 6.85 | 7,600 | 2.34 |
| 60-64 years | 289,160 | 6.00 | 297,622 | 6.14 | 8,462 | 2.93 |
| 65-74 years | 404,475 | 8.39 | 434,244 | 8.95 | 29,769 | 7.36 |
| 75-84 years | 215,669 | 4.47 | 228,719 | 4.72 | 13,050 | 6.05 |
| 85+ years | 80,215 | 1.66 | 83,549 | 1.72 | 3,334 | 4.16 |
| Median age | 38.20 | | 38.60 | | 0.40 | 1.05 |
| Race/Origin | | | | | | |
| One Race | 4,746,176 | 98.43 | 4,764,413 | 98.25 | 18,237 | 0.38 |
| White | 3,333,371 | 69.13 | 3,320,273 | 68.47 | -13,098 | -0.39 |
| Black/African American | 1,276,164 | 26.47 | 1,291,826 | 26.64 | 15,662 | 1.23 |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 24,136 | 0.50 | 22,553 | 0.47 | -1,583 | -6.56 |
| Asian | 58,679 | 1.22 | 58,456 | 1.21 | -223 | -0.38 |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 1,358 | 0.03 | 1,446 | 0.03 | 88 | 6.48 |
| Some other race | 52,468 | 1.09 | 69,859 | 1.44 | 17,391 | 33.15 |
| Two or more races | 75,847 | 1.57 | 84,964 | 1.75 | 9,117 | 12.02 |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 185,441 | 3.85 | 192,413 | 3.97 | 6,972 | 3.76 |
| Households by Type | | | | | | |
| Total households | 1,845,169 | 100.00 | 1,841,217 | 100.00 | -3,952 | -0.21 |
| Families | 1,233,937 | 66.87 | 1,232,515 | 66.94 | -1,422 | -0.12 |
| Nonfamily households | 611,232 | 33.13 | 608,702 | 33.06 | -2,530 | -0.41 |
| Average Household Size | 2.55 | | 2.57 | | 0.02 | 0.78 |
| Average Family Size | 3.17 | | 3.18 | | 0.01 | 0.32 |
| Relationship | | | | | | |
| Population in households | 4,707,169 | 97.62 | 4,730,907 | 97.56 | 23,738 | 0.50 |
| School Enrollment | | | | | | |
| Population 3 & over enrolled | 1,220,639 | 100.00 | 1,190,580 | 100.00 | -30,059 | -2.46 |
| Nursery school, preschool | 68,105 | 5.58 | 59,737 | 5.02 | -8,368 | -12.29 |
| Kindergarten | 62,696 | 5.14 | 62,394 | 5.24 | -302 | -0.48 |
| Elementary school (grades 1-8) | 506,477 | 41.49 | 504,541 | 42.38 | -1,936 | -0.38 |
| High school (grades 9-12) | 253,182 | 20.74 | 254,587 | 21.38 | 1,405 | 0.55 |
| College or graduate school | 330,179 | 27.05 | 309,321 | 25.98 | -20,858 | -6.32 |
| Educational Attainment | | | | | | |
| Population 25 years & over | 3,209,646 | 100.00 | 3,256,766 | 100.00 | 47,120 | 1.47 |
| Less than 9th grade | 171,543 | 5.34 | 164,748 | 5.06 | -6,795 | -3.96 |
| 9th to 12th grade, no diploma | 342,914 | 10.68 | 333,011 | 10.23 | -9,903 | -2.89 |
| High school graduate (incl equiv) | 1,003,543 | 31.27 | 1,028,665 | 31.59 | 25,122 | 2.50 |
| Some college, no degree | 705,932 | 21.99 | 709,158 | 21.77 | 3,226 | 0.46 |
| Associate's degree | 238,555 | 7.43 | 256,777 | 7.88 | 18,222 | 7.64 |
| Bachelor's degree | 472,037 | 14.71 | 478,058 | 14.68 | 6,021 | 1.28 |
| Graduate or professional degree | 275,122 | 8.57 | 286,349 | 8.79 | 11,227 | 4.08 |
| Percent high school graduate or higher | 84.00 | | 84.70 | | 0.70 | 0.83 |
| Percent bachelor's degree or higher | 23.30 | | 23.50 | | 0.20 | 0.86 |
| Residence 1 year ago | 4,764,428 | 100.00 | 4,791,931 | 100.00 | 27,503 | 0.58 |
| Same house | 4,054,260 | 85.09 | 4,081,522 | 85.17 | 27,262 | 0.67 |
| Different house in U.S. | 694,926 | 14.59 | 697,130 | 14.55 | 2,204 | 0.32 |
| Same county | 427,799 | 8.98 | 433,594 | 9.05 | 5,795 | 1.35 |
| Different county | 267,127 | 5.61 | 263,536 | 5.50 | -3,591 | -1.34 |
| Same state | 162,527 | 3.41 | 155,617 | 3.25 | -6,910 | -4.25 |
| Different state | 104,600 | 2.20 | 107,919 | 2.25 | 3,319 | 3.17 |
| Abroad | 15,242 | 0.32 | 13,279 | 0.28 | -1,963 | -12.88 |
| Language Spoken at Home | | | | | | |
| Population 5 years & over | 4,520,215 | 100.00 | 4,558,217 | 100.00 | 38,002 | 0.84 |
| English only | 4,288,022 | 94.86 | 4,335,732 | 95.12 | 47,710 | 1.11 |
| Language other than English | 232,193 | 5.14 | 222,485 | 4.88 | -9,708 | -4.18 |
| Speak English less than very well | 100,451 | 2.22 | 92,252 | 2.02 | -8,199 | -8.16 |
| Spanish | 146,449 | 3.24 | 142,689 | 3.13 | -3,760 | -2.57 |
| Speak English less than very well | 71,132 | 1.57 | 62,622 | 1.37 | -8,510 | -11.96 |
| Employment Status | | | | | | |
| Population 16 years & over | 3,825,109 | 100.00 | 3,868,747 | 100.00 | 43,638 | 1.14 |
| In labor force | 2,236,878 | 58.48 | 2,233,463 | 57.73 | -3,415 | -0.15 |
| Civilian labor force | 2,223,645 | 58.13 | 2,220,715 | 57.40 | -2,930 | -0.13 |
| Employed | 2,001,628 | 52.33 | 2,030,482 | 52.48 | 28,854 | 1.44 |
| Unemployed | 222,017 | 5.80 | 190,233 | 4.92 | -31,784 | -14.32 |
| Armed forces | 13,233 | 0.35 | 12,748 | 0.33 | -485 | -3.67 |
| Not in labor force | 1,588,231 | 41.52 | 1,635,284 | 42.27 | 47,053 | 2.96 |
| Civilian labor force | 2,223,645 | 58.13 | 2,220,715 | 57.40 | -2,930 | -0.13 |
| Percent unemployed | 10.00 | | 8.60 | | -1.40 | -14.00 |
| Employment by Industry | | | | | | |
| Civilian employed population 16 years & over | 2,001,628 | 100.00 | 2,030,482 | 100.00 | 28,854 | 1.44 |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing & hunting, mining | 34,269 | 1.71 | 32,857 | 1.62 | -1,412 | -4.12 |
| Construction | 134,449 | 6.72 | 129,365 | 6.37 | -5,084 | -3.78 |
| Manufacturing | 266,695 | 13.32 | 284,975 | 14.03 | 18,280 | 6.85 |
| Wholesale trade | 50,709 | 2.53 | 52,985 | 2.61 | 2,276 | 4.49 |
| Retail trade | 244,297 | 12.20 | 250,568 | 12.34 | 6,271 | 2.57 |
| Transportation, warehousing, utilities | 112,152 | 5.60 | 97,390 | 4.80 | -14,762 | -13.16 |
| Information | 36,039 | 1.80 | 33,560 | 1.65 | -2,479 | -6.88 |
| Finance, insurance, real estate | 110,336 | 5.51 | 116,374 | 5.73 | 6,038 | 5.47 |
| Professional, scientific, management | 182,055 | 9.10 | 187,110 | 9.22 | 5,055 | 2.78 |
| Education & health care | 446,195 | 22.29 | 448,085 | 22.07 | 1,890 | 0.42 |
| Arts, entertainment, recreation | 168,617 | 8.42 | 170,341 | 8.39 | 1,724 | 1.02 |
| Other services | 103,173 | 5.15 | 107,220 | 5.28 | 4,047 | 3.92 |
| Public administration | 112,642 | 5.63 | 119,652 | 5.89 | 7,010 | 6.22 |
| Household Income | | | | | | |
| Total households | 1,845,169 | 100.00 | 1,841,217 | 100.00 | -3,952 | -0.21 |
| Less than $10,000 | 193,613 | 10.49 | 186,709 | 10.14 | -6,904 | -3.57 |
| $10,000 to $14,999 | 142,540 | 7.73 | 127,681 | 6.93 | -14,859 | -10.42 |
| $15,000 to $24,999 | 240,787 | 13.05 | 243,115 | 13.20 | 2,328 | 0.97 |
| $25,000 to $34,999 | 212,367 | 11.51 | 214,120 | 11.63 | 1,753 | 0.83 |
| $35,000 to $49,999 | 264,575 | 14.34 | 265,409 | 14.41 | 834 | 0.32 |
| $50,000 to $74,999 | 317,383 | 17.20 | 312,181 | 16.96 | -5,202 | -1.64 |
| $75,000 to $99,999 | 198,192 | 10.74 | 193,562 | 10.51 | -4,630 | -2.34 |
| $100,000 to $149,999 | 178,415 | 9.67 | 189,076 | 10.27 | 10,661 | 5.98 |
| $150,000 to $199,999 | 55,020 | 2.98 | 62,161 | 3.38 | 7,141 | 12.98 |
| $200,000 or more | 42,277 | 2.29 | 47,203 | 2.56 | 4,926 | 11.65 |
| Median household income | 41,574 | | 42,830 | | 1,256 | 3.02 |
| Mean household income | 57,372 | | 59,464 | | 2,092 | 3.65 |
| Percent Families & People in Poverty | | | | | | |
| All families | 14.70 | | 15.00 | | 0.30 | 2.04 |
| All people | 19.00 | | 19.30 | | 0.30 | 1.58 |
| Housing Occupancy | | | | | | |
| Total housing units | 2,189,567 | 100.00 | 2,208,030 | 100.00 | 18,463 | 0.84 |
| Occupied housing units | 1,845,169 | 84.27 | 1,841,217 | 83.39 | -3,952 | -0.21 |
| Vacant housing units | 344,398 | 15.73 | 366,813 | 16.61 | 22,415 | 6.51 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 2.50 | | 2.50 | | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Rental vacancy rate | 7.80 | | 10.40 | | 2.60 | 33.33 |
| Units in Structure | | | | | | |
| Total housing units | 2,189,567 | 100.00 | 2,208,030 | 100.00 | 18,463 | 0.84 |
| 1-unit, detached | 1,500,856 | 68.55 | 1,507,498 | 68.27 | 6,642 | 0.44 |
| 1-unit, attached | 37,919 | 1.73 | 34,490 | 1.56 | -3,429 | -9.04 |
| 2 units | 42,162 | 1.93 | 46,215 | 2.09 | 4,053 | 9.61 |
| 3 or 4 units | 64,704 | 2.96 | 64,204 | 2.91 | -500 | -0.77 |
| 5 to 9 units | 90,690 | 4.14 | 95,835 | 4.34 | 5,145 | 5.67 |
| 10 to 19 units | 73,447 | 3.35 | 72,216 | 3.27 | -1,231 | -1.68 |
| 20 or more units | 82,873 | 3.78 | 89,112 | 4.04 | 6,239 | 7.53 |
| Mobile home, boat, RV etc. | 294,913 | 13.47 | 296,786 | 13.44 | 1,873 | 0.64 |
| Year Structure Built | | | | | | |
| Total housing units | 2,189,567 | 100.00 | 2,208,030 | 100.00 | 18,463 | 0.84 |
| 2010 or later | 35,512 | 1.62 | 59,554 | 2.70 | 24,042 | 67.70 |
| 2000 to 2009 | 359,906 | 16.44 | 364,224 | 16.50 | 4,318 | 1.20 |
| 1990 to 1999 | 396,185 | 18.09 | 405,161 | 18.35 | 8,976 | 2.27 |
| 1980 to 1989 | 329,712 | 15.06 | 334,780 | 15.16 | 5,068 | 1.54 |
| 1970 to 1979 | 380,204 | 17.36 | 376,494 | 17.05 | -3,710 | -0.98 |
| 1960 to 1969 | 261,356 | 11.94 | 249,224 | 11.29 | -12,132 | -4.64 |
| 1950 to 1959 | 205,087 | 9.37 | 198,851 | 9.01 | -6,236 | -3.04 |
| 1940 to 1949 | 95,525 | 4.36 | 97,962 | 4.44 | 2,437 | 2.55 |
| 1939 or earlier | 126,080 | 5.76 | 121,780 | 5.52 | -4,300 | -3.41 |
| Housing Tenure | | | | | | |
| Occupied housing units | 1,845,169 | 100.00 | 1,841,217 | 100.00 | -3,952 | -0.21 |
| Owner-occupied | 1,268,565 | 68.75 | 1,246,080 | 67.68 | -22,485 | -1.77 |
| Renter-occupied | 576,604 | 31.25 | 595,137 | 32.32 | 18,533 | 3.21 |
| Avg household size, owner-occupied | 2.58 | | 2.59 | | 0.01 | 0.39 |
| Avg household size, renter-occupied | 2.49 | | 2.52 | | 0.03 | 1.20 |
| Year Householder Moved Into Unit | | | | | | |
| Occupied housing units | 1,845,169 | 100.00 | 1,841,217 | 100.00 | -3,952 | -0.21 |
| 2010 or later | 474,975 | 25.74 | 660,178 | 35.86 | 185,203 | 38.99 |
| 2000 to 2009 | 700,556 | 37.97 | 577,422 | 31.36 | -123,134 | -17.58 |
| 1990 to 1999 | 310,231 | 16.81 | 279,829 | 15.20 | -30,402 | -9.80 |
| 1980 to 1989 | 151,966 | 8.24 | 140,155 | 7.61 | -11,811 | -7.77 |
| 1970 to 1979 | 116,355 | 6.31 | 105,723 | 5.74 | -10,632 | -9.14 |
| 1969 or earlier | 91,086 | 4.94 | 77,910 | 4.23 | -13,176 | -14.47 |
| Occupants per room | | | | | | |
| 1.00 or less | 1,810,113 | 98.10 | 1,809,156 | 98.26 | -957 | -0.05 |
| 1.01 to 1.50 | 24,241 | 1.31 | 24,737 | 1.34 | 496 | 2.05 |
| 1.51 or more | 10,815 | 0.59 | 7,324 | 0.40 | -3,491 | -32.28 |
| Housing Value (owner occupied units) | 1,268,565 | 100.00 | 1,246,080 | 100.00 | -22,485 | -1.77 |
| Less than $50,000 | 205,516 | 16.20 | 207,066 | 16.62 | 1,550 | 0.75 |
| $50,000 to $99,999 | 308,462 | 24.32 | 286,138 | 22.96 | -22,324 | -7.24 |
| $100,000 to $149,999 | 240,291 | 18.94 | 236,699 | 19.00 | -3,592 | -1.49 |
| $150,000 to $199,999 | 196,597 | 15.50 | 188,178 | 15.10 | -8,419 | -4.28 |
| $200,000 to $299,999 | 182,008 | 14.35 | 191,205 | 15.34 | 9,197 | 5.05 |
| $300,000 to $499,999 | 96,493 | 7.61 | 98,346 | 7.89 | 1,853 | 1.92 |
| $500,000 to $999,999 | 30,261 | 2.39 | 31,562 | 2.53 | 1,301 | 4.30 |
| $1,000,000 or more | 8,937 | 0.70 | 6,886 | 0.55 | -2,051 | -22.95 |
| Median | 123,200 | | 125,600 | | 2,400 | 1.95 |
| Selected Monthly Owner Costs (SMOC) | | | | | | |
| Housing units with a mortgage | 739,941 | 100.00 | 714,687 | 100.00 | -25,254 | -3.41 |
| Less than $300 | 2,092 | 0.28 | 2,294 | 0.32 | 202 | 9.66 |
| $300 to $499 | 27,394 | 3.70 | 23,172 | 3.24 | -4,222 | -15.41 |
| $500 to $699 | 87,060 | 11.77 | 75,818 | 10.61 | -11,242 | -12.91 |
| $700 to $999 | 194,216 | 26.25 | 188,525 | 26.38 | -5,691 | -2.93 |
| $1,000 to $1,499 | 244,745 | 33.08 | 244,266 | 34.18 | -479 | -0.20 |
| $1,500 to $1,999 | 109,246 | 14.76 | 107,323 | 15.02 | -1,923 | -1.76 |
| $2,000 or more | 75,188 | 10.16 | 73,289 | 10.25 | -1,899 | -2.53 |
| Median | 1,104 | | 1,119 | | 15 | 1.36 |
| Gross Rent | | | | | | |
| Occupied units paying rent | 510,756 | 100.00 | 530,308 | 100.00 | 19,552 | 3.83 |
| Less than $200 | 14,526 | 2.84 | 9,739 | 1.84 | -4,787 | -32.95 |
| $200 to $299 | 27,661 | 5.42 | 27,559 | 5.20 | -102 | -0.37 |
| $300 to $499 | 83,128 | 16.28 | 70,815 | 13.35 | -12,313 | -14.81 |
| $500 to $749 | 175,613 | 34.38 | 180,399 | 34.02 | 4,786 | 2.73 |
| $750 to $999 | 124,165 | 24.31 | 134,471 | 25.36 | 10,306 | 8.30 |
| $1,000 to $1,499 | 68,200 | 13.35 | 87,515 | 16.50 | 19,315 | 28.32 |
| $1,500 or more | 17,463 | 3.42 | 19,810 | 3.74 | 2,347 | 13.44 |
| Median | 689 | | 717 | | 28 | 4.06 |
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