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Massachusetts Demographic-Economic Characteristics and Patterns
This section provides an update on Census 2010 demographics and a richer set of demographic-economic measures for 2012 and 2014
for the state of Massachusetts.
The table presented below shows demographic-economic characteristics for the state based on the American Community Survey (ACS).
ACS provides post-Census 2010 annual updates for a wide array of demographic-economic data not available from Census 2010.
ACS estimates are available for all geographies (U.S. wall-to-wall) using the 5-year estimates. For areas of 65,000 population or more, 1-year estimates are available.
See more about ACS. Estimates shown in this profile are based on ACS 1-year estimates. See more about comparing these data over time.
Massachusetts Demographic-Economic Characteristics
| | -- ACS 2012 1 year -- | -- ACS 2014 1 year -- | -- Change 2012-14 --
| | | Value | Percent | Value | Percent | Value | Percent |
| Total Population | 6,646,144 | 100.00 | 6,745,408 | 100.00 | 99,264 | 1.49 |
| Male | 3,219,753 | 48.45 | 3,269,679 | 48.47 | 49,926 | 1.55 |
| Female | 3,426,391 | 51.55 | 3,475,729 | 51.53 | 49,338 | 1.44 |
| Age | | | | | | |
| Under 5 years | 363,859 | 5.47 | 365,967 | 5.43 | 2,108 | 0.58 |
| 5-9 years | 378,925 | 5.70 | 369,771 | 5.48 | -9,154 | -2.42 |
| 10-14 years | 405,220 | 6.10 | 404,810 | 6.00 | -410 | -0.10 |
| 15-19 years | 469,323 | 7.06 | 458,174 | 6.79 | -11,149 | -2.38 |
| 20-24 years | 472,208 | 7.10 | 492,335 | 7.30 | 20,127 | 4.26 |
| 25-34 years | 886,716 | 13.34 | 928,715 | 13.77 | 41,999 | 4.74 |
| 35-44 years | 856,995 | 12.89 | 839,355 | 12.44 | -17,640 | -2.06 |
| 45-54 years | 1,002,726 | 15.09 | 985,071 | 14.60 | -17,655 | -1.76 |
| 55-59 years | 456,413 | 6.87 | 472,156 | 7.00 | 15,743 | 3.45 |
| 60-64 years | 392,728 | 5.91 | 413,477 | 6.13 | 20,749 | 5.28 |
| 65-74 years | 509,669 | 7.67 | 563,406 | 8.35 | 53,737 | 10.54 |
| 75-84 years | 292,147 | 4.40 | 300,561 | 4.46 | 8,414 | 2.88 |
| 85+ years | 159,215 | 2.40 | 151,610 | 2.25 | -7,605 | -4.78 |
| Median age | 39.50 | | 39.40 | | -0.10 | -0.25 |
| Race/Origin | | | | | | |
| One Race | 6,462,357 | 97.23 | 6,534,882 | 96.88 | 72,525 | 1.12 |
| White | 5,323,896 | 80.11 | 5,347,420 | 79.27 | 23,524 | 0.44 |
| Black/African American | 473,527 | 7.12 | 477,527 | 7.08 | 4,000 | 0.84 |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 13,230 | 0.20 | 15,599 | 0.23 | 2,369 | 17.91 |
| Asian | 381,262 | 5.74 | 413,079 | 6.12 | 31,817 | 8.35 |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 900 | 0.01 | 1,329 | 0.02 | 429 | 47.67 |
| Some other race | 269,542 | 4.06 | 279,928 | 4.15 | 10,386 | 3.85 |
| Two or more races | 183,787 | 2.77 | 210,526 | 3.12 | 26,739 | 14.55 |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 673,885 | 10.14 | 730,094 | 10.82 | 56,209 | 8.34 |
| Households by Type | | | | | | |
| Total households | 2,522,394 | 100.00 | 2,549,336 | 100.00 | 26,942 | 1.07 |
| Families | 1,598,867 | 63.39 | 1,610,581 | 63.18 | 11,714 | 0.73 |
| Nonfamily households | 923,527 | 36.61 | 938,755 | 36.82 | 15,228 | 1.65 |
| Average Household Size | 2.54 | | 2.55 | | 0.01 | 0.39 |
| Average Family Size | 3.16 | | 3.17 | | 0.01 | 0.32 |
| Relationship | | | | | | |
| Population in households | 6,398,214 | 96.27 | 6,497,607 | 96.33 | 99,393 | 1.55 |
| School Enrollment | | | | | | |
| Population 3 & over enrolled | 1,761,641 | 100.00 | 1,737,678 | 100.00 | -23,963 | -1.36 |
| Nursery school, preschool | 112,204 | 6.37 | 112,058 | 6.45 | -146 | -0.13 |
| Kindergarten | 80,063 | 4.54 | 78,706 | 4.53 | -1,357 | -1.69 |
| Elementary school (grades 1-8) | 628,673 | 35.69 | 618,803 | 35.61 | -9,870 | -1.57 |
| High school (grades 9-12) | 342,566 | 19.45 | 339,241 | 19.52 | -3,325 | -0.97 |
| College or graduate school | 598,135 | 33.95 | 588,870 | 33.89 | -9,265 | -1.55 |
| Educational Attainment | | | | | | |
| Population 25 years & over | 4,556,609 | 100.00 | 4,654,351 | 100.00 | 97,742 | 2.15 |
| Less than 9th grade | 212,754 | 4.67 | 230,539 | 4.95 | 17,785 | 8.36 |
| 9th to 12th grade, no diploma | 258,570 | 5.67 | 249,308 | 5.36 | -9,262 | -3.58 |
| High school graduate (incl equiv) | 1,181,922 | 25.94 | 1,161,032 | 24.95 | -20,890 | -1.77 |
| Some college, no degree | 766,037 | 16.81 | 730,927 | 15.70 | -35,110 | -4.58 |
| Associate's degree | 347,381 | 7.62 | 365,816 | 7.86 | 18,435 | 5.31 |
| Bachelor's degree | 1,011,713 | 22.20 | 1,077,993 | 23.16 | 66,280 | 6.55 |
| Graduate or professional degree | 778,232 | 17.08 | 838,736 | 18.02 | 60,504 | 7.77 |
| Percent high school graduate or higher | 89.70 | | 89.70 | | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Percent bachelor's degree or higher | 39.30 | | 41.20 | | 1.90 | 4.83 |
| Residence 1 year ago | 6,580,641 | 100.00 | 6,674,907 | 100.00 | 94,266 | 1.43 |
| Same house | 5,752,166 | 87.41 | 5,784,744 | 86.66 | 32,578 | 0.57 |
| Different house in U.S. | 768,957 | 11.69 | 819,132 | 12.27 | 50,175 | 6.53 |
| Same county | 465,676 | 7.08 | 491,560 | 7.36 | 25,884 | 5.56 |
| Different county | 303,281 | 4.61 | 327,572 | 4.91 | 24,291 | 8.01 |
| Same state | 160,704 | 2.44 | 180,950 | 2.71 | 20,246 | 12.60 |
| Different state | 142,577 | 2.17 | 146,622 | 2.20 | 4,045 | 2.84 |
| Abroad | 59,518 | 0.90 | 71,031 | 1.06 | 11,513 | 19.34 |
| Language Spoken at Home | | | | | | |
| Population 5 years & over | 6,282,285 | 100.00 | 6,379,441 | 100.00 | 97,156 | 1.55 |
| English only | 4,878,961 | 77.66 | 4,934,518 | 77.35 | 55,557 | 1.14 |
| Language other than English | 1,403,324 | 22.34 | 1,444,923 | 22.65 | 41,599 | 2.96 |
| Speak English less than very well | 560,346 | 8.92 | 567,242 | 8.89 | 6,896 | 1.23 |
| Spanish | 526,444 | 8.38 | 548,135 | 8.59 | 21,691 | 4.12 |
| Speak English less than very well | 217,495 | 3.46 | 225,965 | 3.54 | 8,470 | 3.89 |
| Employment Status | | | | | | |
| Population 16 years & over | 5,416,163 | 100.00 | 5,520,206 | 100.00 | 104,043 | 1.92 |
| In labor force | 3,647,354 | 67.34 | 3,724,788 | 67.48 | 77,434 | 2.12 |
| Civilian labor force | 3,643,392 | 67.27 | 3,720,446 | 67.40 | 77,054 | 2.11 |
| Employed | 3,334,794 | 61.57 | 3,470,655 | 62.87 | 135,861 | 4.07 |
| Unemployed | 308,598 | 5.70 | 249,791 | 4.53 | -58,807 | -19.06 |
| Armed forces | 3,962 | 0.07 | 4,342 | 0.08 | 380 | 9.59 |
| Not in labor force | 1,768,809 | 32.66 | 1,795,418 | 32.52 | 26,609 | 1.50 |
| Civilian labor force | 3,643,392 | 67.27 | 3,720,446 | 67.40 | 77,054 | 2.11 |
| Percent unemployed | 8.50 | | 6.70 | | -1.80 | -21.18 |
| Employment by Industry | | | | | | |
| Civilian employed population 16 years & over | 3,334,794 | 100.00 | 3,470,655 | 100.00 | 135,861 | 4.07 |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing & hunting, mining | 14,144 | 0.42 | 16,554 | 0.48 | 2,410 | 17.04 |
| Construction | 186,690 | 5.60 | 193,323 | 5.57 | 6,633 | 3.55 |
| Manufacturing | 302,457 | 9.07 | 314,594 | 9.06 | 12,137 | 4.01 |
| Wholesale trade | 77,286 | 2.32 | 82,484 | 2.38 | 5,198 | 6.73 |
| Retail trade | 364,619 | 10.93 | 364,577 | 10.50 | -42 | -0.01 |
| Transportation, warehousing, utilities | 123,340 | 3.70 | 126,832 | 3.65 | 3,492 | 2.83 |
| Information | 72,452 | 2.17 | 87,834 | 2.53 | 15,382 | 21.23 |
| Finance, insurance, real estate | 257,113 | 7.71 | 255,440 | 7.36 | -1,673 | -0.65 |
| Professional, scientific, management | 426,884 | 12.80 | 457,935 | 13.19 | 31,051 | 7.27 |
| Education & health care | 929,885 | 27.88 | 967,026 | 27.86 | 37,141 | 3.99 |
| Arts, entertainment, recreation | 298,706 | 8.96 | 311,605 | 8.98 | 12,899 | 4.32 |
| Other services | 145,865 | 4.37 | 151,383 | 4.36 | 5,518 | 3.78 |
| Public administration | 135,353 | 4.06 | 141,068 | 4.06 | 5,715 | 4.22 |
| Household Income | | | | | | |
| Total households | 2,522,394 | 100.00 | 2,549,336 | 100.00 | 26,942 | 1.07 |
| Less than $10,000 | 176,729 | 7.01 | 160,875 | 6.31 | -15,854 | -8.97 |
| $10,000 to $14,999 | 127,199 | 5.04 | 127,004 | 4.98 | -195 | -0.15 |
| $15,000 to $24,999 | 225,166 | 8.93 | 219,464 | 8.61 | -5,702 | -2.53 |
| $25,000 to $34,999 | 193,079 | 7.65 | 194,737 | 7.64 | 1,658 | 0.86 |
| $35,000 to $49,999 | 276,601 | 10.97 | 256,275 | 10.05 | -20,326 | -7.35 |
| $50,000 to $74,999 | 411,417 | 16.31 | 399,608 | 15.67 | -11,809 | -2.87 |
| $75,000 to $99,999 | 315,698 | 12.52 | 315,315 | 12.37 | -383 | -0.12 |
| $100,000 to $149,999 | 411,069 | 16.30 | 432,435 | 16.96 | 21,366 | 5.20 |
| $150,000 to $199,999 | 187,216 | 7.42 | 207,558 | 8.14 | 20,342 | 10.87 |
| $200,000 or more | 198,220 | 7.86 | 236,065 | 9.26 | 37,845 | 19.09 |
| Median household income | 65,339 | | 69,160 | | 3,821 | 5.85 |
| Mean household income | 89,273 | | 95,404 | | 6,131 | 6.87 |
| Percent Families & People in Poverty | | | | | | |
| All families | 8.50 | | 8.30 | | -0.20 | -2.35 |
| All people | 11.90 | | 11.60 | | -0.30 | -2.52 |
| Housing Occupancy | | | | | | |
| Total housing units | 2,810,394 | 100.00 | 2,828,592 | 100.00 | 18,198 | 0.65 |
| Occupied housing units | 2,522,394 | 89.75 | 2,549,336 | 90.13 | 26,942 | 1.07 |
| Vacant housing units | 288,000 | 10.25 | 279,256 | 9.87 | -8,744 | -3.04 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 1.40 | | 1.30 | | -0.10 | -7.14 |
| Rental vacancy rate | 4.50 | | 4.00 | | -0.50 | -11.11 |
| Units in Structure | | | | | | |
| Total housing units | 2,810,394 | 100.00 | 2,828,592 | 100.00 | 18,198 | 0.65 |
| 1-unit, detached | 1,471,130 | 52.35 | 1,473,397 | 52.09 | 2,267 | 0.15 |
| 1-unit, attached | 144,629 | 5.15 | 151,730 | 5.36 | 7,101 | 4.91 |
| 2 units | 292,602 | 10.41 | 285,813 | 10.10 | -6,789 | -2.32 |
| 3 or 4 units | 304,872 | 10.85 | 298,013 | 10.54 | -6,859 | -2.25 |
| 5 to 9 units | 161,910 | 5.76 | 168,386 | 5.95 | 6,476 | 4.00 |
| 10 to 19 units | 117,448 | 4.18 | 128,538 | 4.54 | 11,090 | 9.44 |
| 20 or more units | 292,993 | 10.43 | 297,926 | 10.53 | 4,933 | 1.68 |
| Mobile home, boat, RV etc. | 24,268 | 0.86 | 23,431 | 0.83 | -837 | -3.45 |
| Year Structure Built | | | | | | |
| Total housing units | 2,810,394 | 100.00 | 2,828,592 | 100.00 | 18,198 | 0.65 |
| 2010 or later | 14,230 | 0.51 | 33,653 | 1.19 | 19,423 | 136.49 |
| 2000 to 2009 | 216,529 | 7.70 | 206,353 | 7.30 | -10,176 | -4.70 |
| 1990 to 1999 | 204,355 | 7.27 | 215,618 | 7.62 | 11,263 | 5.51 |
| 1980 to 1989 | 296,480 | 10.55 | 303,786 | 10.74 | 7,306 | 2.46 |
| 1970 to 1979 | 328,274 | 11.68 | 338,356 | 11.96 | 10,082 | 3.07 |
| 1960 to 1969 | 286,358 | 10.19 | 298,825 | 10.56 | 12,467 | 4.35 |
| 1950 to 1959 | 330,744 | 11.77 | 306,034 | 10.82 | -24,710 | -7.47 |
| 1940 to 1949 | 165,400 | 5.89 | 166,055 | 5.87 | 655 | 0.40 |
| 1939 or earlier | 968,024 | 34.44 | 959,912 | 33.94 | -8,112 | -0.84 |
| Housing Tenure | | | | | | |
| Occupied housing units | 2,522,394 | 100.00 | 2,549,336 | 100.00 | 26,942 | 1.07 |
| Owner-occupied | 1,570,055 | 62.24 | 1,570,332 | 61.60 | 277 | 0.02 |
| Renter-occupied | 952,339 | 37.76 | 979,004 | 38.40 | 26,665 | 2.80 |
| Avg household size, owner-occupied | 2.71 | | 2.71 | | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Avg household size, renter-occupied | 2.26 | | 2.29 | | 0.03 | 1.33 |
| Year Householder Moved Into Unit | | | | | | |
| Occupied housing units | 2,522,394 | 100.00 | 2,549,336 | 100.00 | 26,942 | 1.07 |
| 2010 or later | 594,567 | 23.57 | 884,653 | 34.70 | 290,086 | 48.79 |
| 2000 to 2009 | 960,270 | 38.07 | 762,969 | 29.93 | -197,301 | -20.55 |
| 1990 to 1999 | 439,354 | 17.42 | 410,796 | 16.11 | -28,558 | -6.50 |
| 1980 to 1989 | 223,461 | 8.86 | 210,621 | 8.26 | -12,840 | -5.75 |
| 1970 to 1979 | 151,083 | 5.99 | 141,451 | 5.55 | -9,632 | -6.38 |
| 1969 or earlier | 153,659 | 6.09 | 138,846 | 5.45 | -14,813 | -9.64 |
| Occupants per room | | | | | | |
| 1.00 or less | 2,478,537 | 98.26 | 2,496,606 | 97.93 | 18,069 | 0.73 |
| 1.01 to 1.50 | 29,374 | 1.16 | 32,801 | 1.29 | 3,427 | 11.67 |
| 1.51 or more | 14,483 | 0.57 | 19,929 | 0.78 | 5,446 | 37.60 |
| Housing Value (owner occupied units) | 1,570,055 | 100.00 | 1,570,332 | 100.00 | 277 | 0.02 |
| Less than $50,000 | 30,946 | 1.97 | 56,776 | 3.62 | 25,830 | 83.47 |
| $50,000 to $99,999 | 32,296 | 2.06 | 25,478 | 1.62 | -6,818 | -21.11 |
| $100,000 to $149,999 | 80,419 | 5.12 | 70,402 | 4.48 | -10,017 | -12.46 |
| $150,000 to $199,999 | 154,524 | 9.84 | 141,237 | 8.99 | -13,287 | -8.60 |
| $200,000 to $299,999 | 402,120 | 25.61 | 360,649 | 22.97 | -41,471 | -10.31 |
| $300,000 to $499,999 | 551,696 | 35.14 | 549,669 | 35.00 | -2,027 | -0.37 |
| $500,000 to $999,999 | 264,183 | 16.83 | 300,855 | 19.16 | 36,672 | 13.88 |
| $1,000,000 or more | 53,871 | 3.43 | 65,266 | 4.16 | 11,395 | 21.15 |
| Median | 323,800 | | 338,900 | | 15,100 | 4.66 |
| Selected Monthly Owner Costs (SMOC) | | | | | | |
| Housing units with a mortgage | 1,121,921 | 100.00 | 1,092,156 | 100.00 | -29,765 | -2.65 |
| Less than $300 | 418 | 0.04 | 1,905 | 0.17 | 1,487 | 355.74 |
| $300 to $499 | 5,110 | 0.46 | 8,317 | 0.76 | 3,207 | 62.76 |
| $500 to $699 | 17,467 | 1.56 | 17,728 | 1.62 | 261 | 1.49 |
| $700 to $999 | 60,087 | 5.36 | 58,339 | 5.34 | -1,748 | -2.91 |
| $1,000 to $1,499 | 208,119 | 18.55 | 192,282 | 17.61 | -15,837 | -7.61 |
| $1,500 to $1,999 | 264,991 | 23.62 | 261,410 | 23.94 | -3,581 | -1.35 |
| $2,000 or more | 565,729 | 50.43 | 552,175 | 50.56 | -13,554 | -2.40 |
| Median | 2,010 | | 2,014 | | 4 | 0.20 |
| Gross Rent | | | | | | |
| Occupied units paying rent | 919,291 | 100.00 | 946,155 | 100.00 | 26,864 | 2.92 |
| Less than $200 | 24,544 | 2.67 | 18,170 | 1.92 | -6,374 | -25.97 |
| $200 to $299 | 54,461 | 5.92 | 54,202 | 5.73 | -259 | -0.48 |
| $300 to $499 | 73,268 | 7.97 | 76,337 | 8.07 | 3,069 | 4.19 |
| $500 to $749 | 111,985 | 12.18 | 101,759 | 10.76 | -10,226 | -9.13 |
| $750 to $999 | 171,325 | 18.64 | 151,913 | 16.06 | -19,412 | -11.33 |
| $1,000 to $1,499 | 288,053 | 31.33 | 292,557 | 30.92 | 4,504 | 1.56 |
| $1,500 or more | 195,655 | 21.28 | 251,217 | 26.55 | 55,562 | 28.40 |
| Median | 1,036 | | 1,107 | | 71 | 6.85 |
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