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Houston, TX -- Demographic-Economic Characteristics & Patterns

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Ranked 4th among all U.S. cities based on 2015 population, the population of Houston city, TX changed from 2,109 372 in 2010 to 2,296,224 in 2015 (186,852 or 8.9%). The population of the U.S. overall changed from 308,758,105 in 2010 to 321,418,820 in 2015 (12,660,715 or 4.1%). Examine population characteristics and trends of the city of Houston in context of other cities and counties using the interactive table.

Houston is a principal city of the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area (CBSA 26420). This section reviews selected geographic, demographic and economic characteristics of the city of Houston.

Houston City in Regional Context
Houston city is shown as green-fill semi-transparent area.

... view developed using the CV XE GIS software.
... click map for larger view.

  • Houston Urbanized Area (orange fill pattern below city layer)
    .. about urbanized areas

Examining Characteristics, Patterns and Trends of Houston
Demographic-economic data are presented below for the city. See about these data and city geography below in this section.

Comparing Houston to Other Areas -- Using the Interactive Table
Use the interactive table in the related section to view, rank, query and compare annual population estimates for states, cities, counties and sub-county areas of interest.

Houston, TX Demographic-Economic Characteristics
Annual demographic-economic estimates are available for all geographies for areas of 65,000 population or more from the American Community Survey (ACS). Data shown in the table show characteristics of the city for 2012 and 2014.
  -- ACS 2012 1 year -- -- ACS 2014 1 year -- -- Change 2012-14 --
 ValuePercentValuePercentValuePercent
Total Population 2,161,686 100.00 2,240,796 100.00 79,110 3.66
  Male 1,085,083 50.20 1,122,825 50.11 37,742 3.48
  Female 1,076,603 49.80 1,117,971 49.89 41,368 3.84
  Age
    Under 5 years 169,085 7.82 172,908 7.72 3,823 2.26
    5-9 years 158,339 7.32 159,858 7.13 1,519 0.96
    10-14 years 144,211 6.67 146,462 6.54 2,251 1.56
    15-19 years 138,408 6.40 135,970 6.07 -2,438 -1.76
    20-24 years 170,600 7.89 185,224 8.27 14,624 8.57
    25-34 years 382,834 17.71 404,213 18.04 21,379 5.58
    35-44 years 304,286 14.08 317,211 14.16 12,925 4.25
    45-54 years 268,954 12.44 275,214 12.28 6,260 2.33
    55-59 years 120,949 5.60 125,729 5.61 4,780 3.95
    60-64 years 96,925 4.48 98,682 4.40 1,757 1.81
    65-74 years 120,754 5.59 129,086 5.76 8,332 6.90
    75-84 years 63,113 2.92 64,217 2.87 1,104 1.75
    85+ years 23,228 1.07 26,022 1.16 2,794 12.03
    Median age 32.50 32.70 0.20 0.62
Race/Origin
  One Race 2,119,595 98.05 2,198,166 98.10 78,571 3.71
    White 1,247,112 57.69 1,291,693 57.64 44,581 3.57
    Black/African American 508,366 23.52 524,877 23.42 16,511 3.25
    American Indian/Alaska Native 8,144 0.38 10,572 0.47 2,428 29.81
    Asian 141,213 6.53 154,325 6.89 13,112 9.29
    Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 1,157 0.05 1,499 0.07 342 29.56
    Some other race 213,603 9.88 215,200 9.60 1,597 0.75
  Two or more races 42,091 1.95 42,630 1.90 539 1.28
  Hispanic (of any race) 938,882 43.43 988,224 44.10 49,342 5.26
Households by Type
  Total households 780,364 100.00 834,204 100.00 53,840 6.90
    Families 473,504 60.68 496,562 59.53 23,058 4.87
    Nonfamily households 306,860 39.32 337,642 40.47 30,782 10.03
    Average Household Size 2.73 2.64 -0.09 -3.30
    Average Family Size 3.58 3.46 -0.12 -3.35
Relationship
  Population in households 2,131,083 98.58 2,206,380 98.46 75,297 3.53
School Enrollment
  Population 3 & over enrolled 589,523 100.00 602,131 100.00 12,608 2.14
    Nursery school, preschool 38,507 6.53 40,457 6.72 1,950 5.06
    Kindergarten 33,878 5.75 37,244 6.19 3,366 9.94
    Elementary school (grades 1-8) 246,963 41.89 245,012 40.69 -1,951 -0.79
    High school (grades 9-12) 111,457 18.91 109,674 18.21 -1,783 -1.60
    College or graduate school 158,718 26.92 169,744 28.19 11,026 6.95
Educational Attainment
  Population 25 years & over 1,381,043 100.00 1,440,374 100.00 59,331 4.30
    Less than 9th grade 185,896 13.46 194,960 13.54 9,064 4.88
    9th to 12th grade, no diploma 148,081 10.72 142,925 9.92 -5,156 -3.48
    High school graduate (incl equiv) 308,700 22.35 320,925 22.28 12,225 3.96
    Some college, no degree 268,924 19.47 271,678 18.86 2,754 1.02
    Associate's degree 59,751 4.33 72,616 5.04 12,865 21.53
    Bachelor's degree 257,006 18.61 263,883 18.32 6,877 2.68
    Graduate or professional degree 152,685 11.06 173,387 12.04 20,702 13.56
    Percent high school graduate or higher 75.80 76.50 0.70 0.92
    Percent bachelor's degree or higher 29.70 30.40 0.70 2.36
Residence 1 year ago 2,133,021 100.00 2,210,650 100.00 77,629 3.64
  Same house 1,680,217 78.77 1,777,433 80.40 97,216 5.79
  Different house in U.S. 427,559 20.04 399,392 18.07 -28,167 -6.59
    Same county 333,359 15.63 303,797 13.74 -29,562 -8.87
    Different county 94,200 4.42 95,595 4.32 1,395 1.48
      Same state 56,072 2.63 50,945 2.30 -5,127 -9.14
      Different state 38,128 1.79 44,650 2.02 6,522 17.11
  Abroad 25,245 1.18 33,825 1.53 8,580 33.99
Language Spoken at Home
  Population 5 years & over 1,992,601 100.00 2,067,888 100.00 75,287 3.78
    English only 1,052,832 52.84 1,071,239 51.80 18,407 1.75
    Language other than English 939,769 47.16 996,649 48.20 56,880 6.05
      Speak English less than very well 455,342 22.85 490,968 23.74 35,626 7.82
    Spanish 761,172 38.20 792,174 38.31 31,002 4.07
      Speak English less than very well 383,329 19.24 415,467 20.09 32,138 8.38
Employment Status
  Population 16 years & over 1,662,820 100.00 1,732,683 100.00 69,863 4.20
    In labor force 1,133,676 68.18 1,182,462 68.24 48,786 4.30
      Civilian labor force 1,132,947 68.13 1,182,383 68.24 49,436 4.36
        Employed 1,022,819 61.51 1,104,857 63.77 82,038 8.02
        Unemployed 110,128 6.62 77,526 4.47 -32,602 -29.60
      Armed forces 729 0.04 79 0.00 -650 -89.16
    Not in labor force 529,144 31.82 550,221 31.76 21,077 3.98
  Civilian labor force 1,132,947 68.13 1,182,383 68.24 49,436 4.36
    Percent unemployed 9.70 6.60 -3.10 -31.96
Employment by Industry
  Civilian employed population 16 years & over 1,022,819 100.00 1,104,857 100.00 82,038 8.02
    Agriculture, forestry, fishing & hunting, mining 27,943 2.73 39,821 3.60 11,878 42.51
    Construction 96,680 9.45 111,697 10.11 15,017 15.53
    Manufacturing 89,491 8.75 92,962 8.41 3,471 3.88
    Wholesale trade 29,839 2.92 35,195 3.19 5,356 17.95
    Retail trade 112,707 11.02 115,678 10.47 2,971 2.64
    Transportation, warehousing, utilities 54,948 5.37 63,227 5.72 8,279 15.07
    Information 14,880 1.45 15,135 1.37 255 1.71
    Finance, insurance, real estate 61,734 6.04 64,431 5.83 2,697 4.37
    Professional, scientific, management 150,969 14.76 161,227 14.59 10,258 6.79
    Education & health care 194,782 19.04 204,287 18.49 9,505 4.88
    Arts, entertainment, recreation 97,256 9.51 107,364 9.72 10,108 10.39
    Other services 65,587 6.41 68,316 6.18 2,729 4.16
    Public administration 26,003 2.54 25,517 2.31 -486 -1.87
Household Income
  Total households 780,364 100.00 834,204 100.00 53,840 6.90
    Less than $10,000 75,928 9.73 68,972 8.27 -6,956 -9.16
    $10,000 to $14,999 53,928 6.91 52,189 6.26 -1,739 -3.22
    $15,000 to $24,999 101,089 12.95 113,883 13.65 12,794 12.66
    $25,000 to $34,999 94,080 12.06 95,965 11.50 1,885 2.00
    $35,000 to $49,999 112,203 14.38 115,552 13.85 3,349 2.98
    $50,000 to $74,999 121,527 15.57 134,351 16.11 12,824 10.55
    $75,000 to $99,999 71,478 9.16 77,205 9.25 5,727 8.01
    $100,000 to $149,999 75,614 9.69 83,408 10.00 7,794 10.31
    $150,000 to $199,999 31,266 4.01 37,485 4.49 6,219 19.89
    $200,000 or more 43,251 5.54 55,194 6.62 11,943 27.61
    Median household income 42,847 45,460 2,613 6.10
    Mean household income 68,953 73,827 4,874 7.07
Percent Families & People in Poverty
  All families 20.20 18.80 -1.40 -6.93
  All people 23.50 22.40 -1.10 -4.68
Housing Occupancy
  Total housing units 911,259 100.00 931,083 100.00 19,824 2.18
    Occupied housing units 780,364 85.64 834,204 89.60 53,840 6.90
    Vacant housing units 130,895 14.36 96,879 10.40 -34,016 -25.99
    Homeowner vacancy rate 2.40 1.30 -1.10 -45.83
    Rental vacancy rate 11.20 7.20 -4.00 -35.71
Units in Structure
  Total housing units 911,259 100.00 931,083 100.00 19,824 2.18
    1-unit, detached 412,898 45.31 416,577 44.74 3,679 0.89
    1-unit, attached 45,347 4.98 43,513 4.67 -1,834 -4.04
    2 units 16,692 1.83 16,791 1.80 99 0.59
    3 or 4 units 32,531 3.57 30,252 3.25 -2,279 -7.01
    5 to 9 units 66,739 7.32 63,207 6.79 -3,532 -5.29
    10 to 19 units 127,808 14.03 140,487 15.09 12,679 9.92
    20 or more units 199,922 21.94 211,723 22.74 11,801 5.90
    Mobile home, boat, RV etc. 9,158 1.00 8,382 0.90 -776 -8.47
Year Structure Built
  Total housing units 911,259 100.00 931,083 100.00 19,824 2.18
    2010 or later 13,009 1.43 26,245 2.82 13,236 101.74
    2000 to 2009 145,332 15.95 136,161 14.62 -9,171 -6.31
    1990 to 1999 89,987 9.88 95,308 10.24 5,321 5.91
    1980 to 1989 121,309 13.31 130,837 14.05 9,528 7.85
    1970 to 1979 222,487 24.42 210,459 22.60 -12,028 -5.41
    1960 to 1969 131,515 14.43 145,236 15.60 13,721 10.43
    1950 to 1959 100,518 11.03 102,414 11.00 1,896 1.89
    1940 to 1949 45,613 5.01 40,173 4.31 -5,440 -11.93
    1939 or earlier 41,489 4.55 44,250 4.75 2,761 6.65
Housing Tenure
  Occupied housing units 780,364 100.00 834,204 100.00 53,840 6.90
    Owner-occupied 343,902 44.07 347,479 41.65 3,577 1.04
    Renter-occupied 436,462 55.93 486,725 58.35 50,263 11.52
    Avg household size, owner-occupied 2.93 2.81 -0.12 -4.10
    Avg household size, renter-occupied 2.58 2.52 -0.06 -2.33
Year Householder Moved Into Unit
  Occupied housing units 780,364 100.00 834,204 100.00 53,840 6.90
    2010 or later 321,315 41.18 444,347 53.27 123,032 38.29
    2000 to 2009 268,449 34.40 217,960 26.13 -50,489 -18.81
    1990 to 1999 89,449 11.46 85,269 10.22 -4,180 -4.67
    1980 to 1989 40,399 5.18 36,224 4.34 -4,175 -10.33
    1970 to 1979 34,560 4.43 29,921 3.59 -4,639 -13.42
    1969 or earlier 26,192 3.36 20,483 2.46 -5,709 -21.80
Occupants per room
  1.00 or less 728,685 93.38 781,213 93.65 52,528 7.21
  1.01 to 1.50 36,726 4.71 39,083 4.69 2,357 6.42
  1.51 or more 14,953 1.92 13,908 1.67 -1,045 -6.99
Housing Value (owner occupied units) 343,902 100.00 347,479 100.00 3,577 1.04
  Less than $50,000 25,598 7.44 32,698 9.41 7,100 27.74
  $50,000 to $99,999 99,442 28.92 92,083 26.50 -7,359 -7.40
  $100,000 to $149,999 72,541 21.09 65,256 18.78 -7,285 -10.04
  $150,000 to $199,999 42,546 12.37 39,208 11.28 -3,338 -7.85
  $200,000 to $299,999 42,037 12.22 38,837 11.18 -3,200 -7.61
  $300,000 to $499,999 35,178 10.23 44,273 12.74 9,095 25.85
  $500,000 to $999,999 18,955 5.51 26,287 7.57 7,332 38.68
  $1,000,000 or more 7,605 2.21 8,837 2.54 1,232 16.20
  Median 124,600 134,500 9,900 7.95
Selected Monthly Owner Costs (SMOC)
  Housing units with a mortgage 201,991 100.00 194,641 100.00 -7,350 -3.64
    Less than $300 139 0.07 265 1421.99 126 90.65
    $300 to $499 1,661 0.82 1,493 0.77 -168 -10.11
    $500 to $699 6,769 3.35 6,741 3.46 -28 -0.41
    $700 to $999 25,431 12.59 27,584 14.17 2,153 8.47
    $1,000 to $1,499 75,964 37.61 65,987 33.90 -9,977 -13.13
    $1,500 to $1,999 40,601 20.10 36,255 18.63 -4,346 -10.70
    $2,000 or more 51,426 25.46 56,316 28.93 4,890 9.51
    Median 1,437 1,459 22 1.53
Gross Rent
  Occupied units paying rent 424,325 100.00 473,587 100.00 49,262 11.61
    Less than $200 4,861 1.15 3,442 0.73 -1,419 -29.19
    $200 to $299 6,359 1.50 4,638 0.98 -1,721 -27.06
    $300 to $499 23,776 5.60 19,166 4.05 -4,610 -19.39
    $500 to $749 137,773 32.47 133,373 28.16 -4,400 -3.19
    $750 to $999 120,413 28.38 140,298 29.62 19,885 16.51
    $1,000 to $1,499 93,415 22.01 116,199 24.54 22,784 24.39
    $1,500 or more 37,728 8.89 56,471 11.92 18,743 49.68
    Median 823 877 54 6.56

About the Data & Cities
Data used in this section come from multiple sources.

Annual Model-Based Population Estimates. The July 1, 2015 Census Bureau model-based estimates for the U.S. 19,505 incorporated cities show a total population of 202,066,769 compared to 192,179,239 as of Census 2010. These areas are incorporated cities as recognized by their corresponding state governments and granted certain governmental rights and responsibilities. ProximityOne integrates these estimates, with related data, in models to develop projections, examine change and assess the impact of change.

Largest 10 Cities -- the Million-Plus Population Cities -- based on the model-based population estimates
The largest 10 cities in 2015, shown by this graphic taken from the interactive table below, are also the set of cities having 1 million or more population.


City/Place Demographics in Context
  • State & Regional Demographic-Economic Characteristics & Patterns
    .. individual state sections with analytical tools & data access to block level
  • Metropolitan Area Situation & Outlook
    .. continuously updated characteristics, patterns & trends for each/all metros

The Largest 10 Cities based on 2015 Population
Locations of the largest 10 cities based on 2015 population are shown in the following graphic as red marker.
 
  1. New York, NY
  2. Los Angeles, CA
  3. Chicago, IL
  4. Houston, TX
  5. Philadelphia, PA
  6. Phoenix, AX
  7. San Antonio, TX
  8. San Diego, CA
  9. Dallas, TX
  10. San Jose, CA

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Support Using these Resources
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Additional Information
ProximityOne develops geodemographic-economic data and analytical tools and helps organizations knit together and use diverse data in a decision-making and analytical framework. We develop custom demographic/economic estimates and projections, develop geographic and geocoded address files, and assist with impact and geospatial analyses. Wide-ranging organizations use our tools (software, data, methodologies) to analyze their own data integrated with other data. Follow ProximityOne on Twitter at www.twitter.com/proximityone. Contact us (888-364-7656) with questions about data covered in this section or to discuss custom estimates, projections or analyses for your areas of interest.

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